Dehydration

Diagnosis

1. Degree sunken eye retention or haematocrit    fluid req. ml./kg. B/W.
2. % skin bold/sic value
3. 4-8 mild not sunken 40-45 15-25
4. 6-8 moderate barely visible 2-4 50 30-50
5. 10-12 shock prominent 20-45 60 80-150

Isotonic dehydration

Loss of water in an iso-osmolarity reduced extra cellular fluid (ECB)only

Hypotonic dehydration 

(sodium depletion) Loss of salt in excess of water severe dehydration & hyponatraemia

Diagnosis

• Low come of plasma Na + & cl-
• Rigidity, fatigue

Rx

• 0.9 Na cl parenterally => moderate
• 5% Na cl => marked dehydration

Hypertonic dehydration (water depletion)

• Deprivation of water without Na+ loss
• Inc. plasma Na+ above 160 m eq

RX   

• I/v injection of electrolyte free water 5% glucose or
• Saline or ringer’s solution

Symptom

Thirst, sunken eye ball, Parched mucus membrane