Poisoning

Poisoning 

• Tentative
• Presumptive
• Confirmative

History

• Poisoning was accidental Malicious

Physical Examination & Clinical Evidence

1. Preservation of vital cl.  parameter I. E. Temp., pulse, respiration rate & blood pressure
2. e. g. Organo-phosphorus comp – cause
3. Hypothermia belladonna – hypothermia
4. Odour, color, dryness is also noted for diff. Organ
5. Pathological evidence
6. Necropsy finding
7. Gross & microscopic examination of tissue & organ.
8. Analytical evidence
9. Qualitative & quantitative detection of significant.
10. Amount of toxic agent in biological sample i.e. Blood, faeces, vomitus, urine &adipose tissue.

Treatment

1) Prevention of G. l. T. Adsorption of toxin

      a) Removal of poison from stomach

• gastric lavage
• emetic
• Xylazine 1mg/kg. B. W. dog
• Apomorphine hydrochloride
• 0.04 – 0. 07 mg. / kg. B. W
• 1/v, 1/m or s/c

     b) Fastening / quickly passage through bowl

     c) Neutralization of poison

• Saline purgative
• Activated charcoal (absorbing agent)
• Neutralization agent
• Acid, alkali
• chelating agent e. g. EDTA

2) Facilitate Removal from body

• gm. Glomerular filtration rate 10% glucose or 10%
• Mannitol
• Reduce tubular reabsorption
• Change PH of urine
• Acidic – Ammonium chloride, Ascorbic acid
• Sodium acid phosphate
• Alkalize – sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate

Specific and non-specific Antagonist agents

   Non-specific agent

   1) Analeptic for barbiturate poisoning

   2) Vasopressors for hypotension

   3) Anticonvulsants for convulsive seizure

   4) Bronchodilator & Antihistamine – Anaphylactic Stock

Specific Antidote