Course Outline

Lecture 1st :  Introduction

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Evolution of Geography
2. Fundamental Nature of the Subject
3. Branches of Geography
4. How Should One Study this Subject
5. Sources to Refer for UPSC – CSE

Lecture 2nd :  Origin and Evolution of Earth

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Origin of Universe
2. Evolution of Galaxy and Stars
3. Evolution of Solar System and Planets
4. Basic Facts about Solar System
5. Evolution of Lithosphere, Hydrosphere and Atmosphere

Lecture 3rd :  Shape and Motion of the Earth

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Shape of the Earth
2. Latitudes and Longitudes
3. Various Motions of the Earth
4. Time and Date Lines

Lecture 4th :  Interior Structure of the Earth

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Sources of Information about earth’s Interior Rename.
2. Seismology
3. Layers of the Earth’s Interior

 

Lecture 5th :  Volcanism and Associated Landforms

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Sources of Internal Heat of the Earth
2. Volcanism and its classification
3. Causes and Consequences of Volcanic Eruptions
4. Distribution of Volcanoes
5. Volcanic Landforms

Lecture 6th :Earthquake

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Introduction about Earthquake
2. Measurement of Earthquake
3. Causes of Earthquake
4. Classification and Distribution
5. Consequences and Forecasting of Earthquake

Lecture 7th :  Minerals and Rocks, Endogenic Force

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Introduction to Minerals and Rocks
2. Classification and Formation of Rocks
3. Rocks Cycle
4. Endogenic Force – Causes and Types

Lecture 8th :  Continental Drift Theory Current Theory

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Basic Postulates of Continental Drift Theory
2. Evidences Supporting the Theory
3. Stages of Drift Theory
4. Critical Evaluation
5. Conventional Current Theory

Lecture 9th : Geomagnetism, Seafloor Spreading

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Concept of Geomagnetism
2. Source and Principal of Geomagnetism
3. Signification of Geomagnetism
4. Shifting and Reversal of Magnetic Poles
5. Concept of Paleomagnetism
6. Polar Wandering Theory
7. Marine Geological Findings
8. Seafloor Spreading Theory

Lecture 10th (Part 1) : Plates Tectonic Theory (Part – 1)

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Background of Plate Tectonic Theory
2. Basic Postulates of the Theory
3. Types and Characteristics of Plates
4. Plate Boundaries :- Types and Associated Landforms

Lecture 10th (Part 2) : Plates Tectonic Theory (Part – 2)

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Plate Tectonic and Mountain Building.
2. Plate Tectonic and Volcanism.
3. Plate Tectonic and Seismicity.
4. Driving Mechanisms of the Theory.
5. Evidence in Support of the Theory.
6. Critical Evaluation of the Theory.
7. Comparison of Plate Tectonic Theory and Continental Drift Theory.

Lecture 11th :  Weathering & Mass Movement

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Exogenic Processes
2. Mechanisms of Gradation
3. Weathering :- Types and significance.
4. Mass Movements :- Types and Signification

Lecture 12th :  River Landforms

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Mechanisms of River Erosion
2. Erosional Landforms created by River
3. Transformational works of Rivers
4. Depositional works of Rivers
5. Depositional Landforms

Lecture 13th : Glacial Landforms

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Glaciers :- Types and Movements
2. Mechanisms of Glacial Erosion
3. Glacial Erosional Landforms
4. Glacial Depositional Landforms
5. Mechanisms of wind erosion
6. Aeolian Erosional Landforms
7. Aeolian Depositional Landforms

Lecture 14th : Coastal Landforms & Karst Landforms

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Mechanisms of Coastal Landforms
2. Coastal Erosional landforms
3. Coastal Depositional Landforms
4. Conditions for the development of karst landforms
5. Erosional Features
6. Depositional Features

Lecture 15th : Atmosphere , Incoming solar Radiation

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Evolution of Atmosphere
2. Composition of Present Atmosphere
3. Structure of Present Atmosphere
4. Incoming solar Radiation

Lecture 16th (Part 1) : Insolation and Heat Budget

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Insolation : – Factors and Distribution.
2. Heating and Cooling of Atmosphere
3. Heat Budget of the Planet Earth
4. Latitudinal Heat Balance

Lecture 16th (Part 2):  Temperature Distribution

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Factors responsible for temperature distribution
2. Temperature Distribution
3. Temperature Inversion
4. Thermal Belts

Lecture 17th : Hydrological Cycle

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Processes under Hydrological Cycle.
2. Concept of Humidity
3. Evaporation:- Factor and Distribution.
4. Condensation:- Essential Conditions and Forms
5. Clouds:- Formation and Types.
6. Precipitation:- Types and Forms
7. Global Distribution of Precipitation.

Lecture 18th : Atmospheric Circulation

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Movement of Air
2. 3-Dimensional Circulation in the Atmosphere.
3. Global Pressure belts
4. Global Wind System

Lecture 19th :  Local Winds, Jet Stream and Air Mass

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Local Winds
2. Concept of Jet Streams
3. Types of Jet Streams and Weather Associated
4. Concept of Air Mass
5. Types and Significance of Air Mass

Lecture 20th : Air Mass, Front & Temperate Cyclones

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Air Mass:- Conditions and Types
2. Modifications of Air Mass
3. Fronts :- Types and Weather Condition Associated
4. Temperate Cyclones :- Formation and Associated weather Conditions.

Lecture 21th : Tropical Cyclones

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Conditions Required for the Formation of Tropical Cyclones.
2. Stages of Formation of Cyclones.
3. Structure of Cyclones and Associated Weather Conditions.
4. Global Distribution of Tropical Cyclones.
5. Tropical Cyclones in India.
6. Naming of Tropical Cyclones.
7. Comparison between Tropical and Temperate Cyclones.

Lecture 22th :Climates of The World

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Weather and Climate
2. Controls of Climate
3. Koepperi’s Classification of Climate
4. Global Climate of the World.

Lecture 23th : Ocean Topography, Ocean Temperature and Salinity

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Major relief feature of Ocean
2. Minor relief Feature Of Ocean
3. Factor affecting Temperature Variations in the Ocean.
4. Horizontal and vertical Distribution of Temperature in the Ocean.
5. Ocean Salinity :- Factors for Variations and Distribution
6. Signification of Ocean Salinity

Lecture 24th :  Movements of the Ocean Water

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Sea Waves
2. Factor of Ocean Currents.
3. Currents of the Atlantic Pacific and Indian Ocean.
4. Significance of Ocean Currents.
5. Tides :- Formation and Types.
6. Significance of Tides.

Lecture 25th :  Coral Reefs, Ocean Deposits, Maritime Zones

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Conditions Required for the Growth of Corals.
2. Types and Significance of coral Reefs
3. Coral bleaching :- Causes and Consequences.
4. Ocean Deposits :- Classification and Distribution.
5. Significance of ocean Deposits. Maritimes Zones.

Lecture 26th : Soil Formation, Classification and Distribution

  Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Soil :- Composition and Structure
2. Properties of Soil
3. Soil Formation :- Factor and Processes
4. Classification of Soil
5. Global Distribution of Soil

Lecture 27th : Northern Indian Mountains

 Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Physiographic Divisions of India
2. Formation of Himalayas
3. Macro Structure features of Himalayas.
4. Vertical/Longitudinal divisions of Himalayas.
5. Regional divisions of the Himalayas.
6. Significance of Himalayas for India.
7. Northern Indian Plains.

Lecture 28th : Northern Indian Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Coastal Plans

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Longitudinal Divisions of Himalayas. Significance of Himalayas.
2. Physiographic Divisions of Northern Indian Plains.
3. Aravalli Mountain Ranges.
4. Western Ghats :- Formation and Physiography.
5. Eastern Ghats :-  Formation and Physiography.
6. Deccan Trap :- Formation and Physiography.
7. Other Plateaus and Hills
8. Coastal Plains of India.

Lecture 29th : Monsoon in India , Western Disturbances

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. India is having Tropical Climate
2. Indian Climate Presents Unity in Diversity.
3. Monsoon is a single term to explain Indian Climate

Lecture 30th : Monsoon in India, Western Disturbances, Other Oceanic Atmospheric Phenomena Affecting the Monsoon

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Comprehensive Mechanism of Monsoon
2. Burst of Monsoon
3. Progress of Monsoon
4. Break in the Monsoon
5. Retrat of Monsoon
6. Northeast Monsoon
7. October Heat
8. Characteristics of Monsoonal Rain Fall
9. Significance of Monsoon
10. Pre Monsoon shower
11. Western Disturbance
12. Significance of Western Disturbance
13. Oceanic Atmospheric Phenomena Impacting Monsoon
14. EI Nino and La Nina
15. Southern Oscillation
16. Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)
17. Indian Ocean Dipole
18. Madden Julian Oscillation

Lecture 31th : Drainage System, Soil in India, Vegetable

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Concept of Drainage system
2. Concept of Drainage Patterns
3. Drainage system of India
4. Himalayan Drainage system
5. Peninsular Drainage system
6. Soil Distribution in India
7. Vegetable of India

Lecture 32th : Natural Hazards and Disasters in India

Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Concept of Hazard and Disaster.
2. Earthquake in India.
3. Landslides in India.
4. Tsunami in India.
5. Cyclones in India.
6. Cloudburst in India.
7. Floods in India.
8. Droughts in India.
9. Forest fires in India.

Lecture 33th : Agriculture

   Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Introduction
2. Premises of Agriculture Geography in India.
3. Characteristics and Challenges of Indian Agriculture.
4. Determinants of Agriculture in India.
5. Physical Determinants.
6. Institutional Determinants.

Lecture 34th : Irrigation, Seeds and Fertilizer

  Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Irrigation :- Types and distribution.
2. Seeds :- Types, issues and challenges.
3. Fertilizer :- Types, issues and challenges.

Lecture 35th : Major Crops and Pattern, Dryland Agriculture, Agroforestry

  Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Concept of Cropping Pattern.
2. Major crops grown in India.
3. Required conditions and distribution pattern of each crop.
4. Dry land Agriculture.
5. Agroforestry.
6. National Agroforestry Policy.

Lecture 36th : Natural Resource Part – 1

 Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Concept of Natural Resource.
2. Classification of Resource.
3. Mineral Resources in the world.
4. Energy Resources in the world.

Lecture 37th : Natural Resource Part – 2

 Topics Covered in this Lecture

1. Marine Resource
2. Rare Earth Metals
3. Ocean Methane Hydrate
4. Resource in India
5. Mineral Resources in India
6. Energy Resources in India
7. Biotic Resources in India