Unit 3 Animal Nutrition Quiz

1. Energy calculated as the gross energy provided by a unit of feed minus the gross energy content of the faeces resulting from the consumption of that unit of feed is called as (MPPSC 2022)

metabolizable energy
digestible energy
heat increment
net energy

2. The gross energy content of unit weight of food less the gross energy content of the faeces resulting from consumption of unit weight of food is termed as: (Opsc 2021-22)

Metabolisable energy
Net energy
Faeces energy
Digestible energy

3. Gross Energy (in percentage) loss in methane production (%) is: (Opsc 2021-22)

7-9
10-12
3-4
40-50

4. When we subtract faecal energy from gross energy (GE) we will get? Opsc 2013 -14

GPD
NE
ME
DE

5. In ruminants, DE is multiplied with a factor to get ME: Opsc 2013 -14

0.92
0.96
0.82
0.51

6. The percentage of the gross energy lost as methane in cattle varies from (MPPSC 2011)

6.42 to 9.83%
16.42 to 19.83%
3.64 to 4.48%
None of the above

7. Optimizing feed digestibility and availability in ruminants will: (Opsc 2021-22)

Increase methane production
Increase nitrogen expulsion
Reduce Carbon dioxide expulsion
Reduce methane production

8. The percentage of the gross energy lost as methane in cattle varies from (MPPSC 2011)

6.42 to 9.83%
16.42 to 19.83%
3.64 to 4.48%
None of the above

9. How is the energy retained from fat calculated in the Carbon-Nitrogen Balance Technique?

Fat Retained × 5.64 kcal/g
Fat Retained × 9.39 kcal/g
Fat Retained × 6.25 kcal/g
Fat Retained × 1.0 kcal/g

10. What is the primary difference between direct and indirect calorimetry?

Direct measures CO₂ production, indirect measures O₂ consumption
Direct measures heat produced, indirect measures gaseous exchange
Direct is non-invasive, indirect is invasive
Direct uses a closed circuit, indirect uses an open circuit

11. Which of the following is NOT a type of indirect calorimetry system?

Open circuit system
Closed circuit system
Semi-closed circuit system
Both A and B are types of indirect calorimetry systems

12. What is the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) for carbohydrates?

0.70
0.80
1.0
> 1.0

13. In the Carbon-Nitrogen Balance Technique, how is protein retention calculated?

Carbon Retained × 6.25
Nitrogen Retained × 6.25
Carbon Retained × 5.64
Nitrogen Retained × 9.39

14. Which method is described as costly and time-consuming when used on larger animal species?

Direct calorimetry
Indirect calorimetry
Carbon-Nitrogen Balance Technique
Comparative Slaughter Method

15. In a closed circuit indirect calorimetry system, how is CO₂ production measured?

By analyzing the composition of incoming and outgoing air
By weighing the CO₂ absorbent before and after use
By measuring the increase in volume of the respiratory gas mixture
By analyzing the methane accumulation

16. What is the RQ value for fattening animals converting carbohydrates to fat?

0.70
0.80
1.0
> 1.0

17. In the Comparative Slaughter Method, what is used to determine the energy content of the animals?

Indirect calorimetry
Carbon-Nitrogen Balance
Bomb calorimetry
Respiratory Quotient analysis

18. Which of the following is an advantage of indirect calorimetry?

It directly measures heat loss from the animal’s body
It can only be used on small animals
It provides information on body composition
It can be used to measure energy expenditure in various species

19. Starch equivalent based energy system was given by (Rpsc 2013), JKPSC – 2019

Morrison
Armsby
Kellner
Dubois

20. The term TDN is used to indicate ______________of feed for ruminant animals. (MP 2023)

Digestibility
Energy value
Inorganic matter
True protein content

21. T. D. N. term is appropriate with: (OPSC. 2018-19)

Fat
Energy
Protein
None of the above

22. Endogenous Urinary Nitrogen (EUN) is analogous to: (OPSC , 2013 -14)

MFN
Basal metabolism
ME
DE

23. In India, energy requirement of cattle is expressed in terms of: (OPSC, 2013 -14)

DE
ME
TDN
SE

24. Read the following statements : MPSC – 2019

a. Energy is the most important nutrient to produce milk.

b. The energy needed depends upon the composition of milk.

Now state whether :

Both the statements are correct
Statement a is correct, but statement b is not correct
Statement b is correct, but statement a is not correct
Neither of the statements is correct

25. Poultry consume feed on the basis of following nutrient: (UKPSC – 2024)

Protein
Energy
Vitamin
Mineral

26. Starch equivalent system is based on ( JKPSC-2020)

NE & Digestible True Protein
DCP, TDN & NE
DCP & TDN
DM, DCP & TDN

27. Consider the following pairs JKPSC-2020

Constituent Calories

i) Fat 9 Kcal

ii) Protein 4 Kcal

iii) Lactose 9 Kcal

iv) Fiber 3 Kcal

Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

I & ii
ii & iii
iii & iv
i & iv

28. Higher RQ value is found with (J&K, 2019)

Carbohydrate
Fat
Protein
Minerals

29. The proportion of the absorbed nitrogen that is retained by the animal body and utilised for synthesising body tissue is known as

carbon-nitrogen balance
protein replacement value
chemical score
biological value

30. The gain in body weight (gm) per gm of protein ingested is known as: (Opsc 2021-22)

Net protein utilisation
Digestibility coefficient
Biological value of protein
Protein efficiency ratio

31. The most important measure to assess the quality of protein in monogastric animals is: (Opsc 2013- 14)

Biological value
Protein equivalent
NPU
DCP

32. Which of the following is NOT a measure of protein quality in ruminants?

Crude protein
Digestible crude protein
Metabolisable protein
Protein efficiency ratio

33. The formula for calculating digestible crude protein (DCP) in roughages is:

CP x Digestibility Coefficient
DCP (g/kg DM) = CP(g/kg DM) X 0.9115 – 36.7
UDP + Microbial protein
RDP + UDP

34. What does EAAI stand for in protein quality evaluation?

Effective Amino Acid Index
Essential Amino Acid Intake
Essential Amino Acid Index
Efficient Amino Acid Indicator

35. Which method of protein quality evaluation is defined as the weight gain per unit weight of protein eaten?

Biological value
Net protein utilization
Protein efficiency ratio
Gross protein value

36.. The chemical score of a protein is determined by:

The most abundant amino acid
The average of all essential amino acids
The essential amino acid in greatest deficit compared to a standard
The total protein content

37. What is the main disadvantage of the chemical score method?

It’s too time-consuming
It doesn’t consider protein digestibility
It doesn’t account for deficiencies of amino acids other than the one in greatest deficit
It overestimates protein quality

38. Net Protein Utilization (NPU) is the product of:

Crude protein and digestible protein
Digestibility coefficient and biological value
Essential amino acid index and chemical score
Protein efficiency ratio and gross protein value

39. Which protein quality evaluation method compares the nitrogen balance of a test protein to a standard protein?

Net protein retention
Biological value
Protein replacement value
Gross protein value

40. The biological value of egg protein is considered to be:

80%
90%
95%
100%

41. What is the calorie-protein ratio typically used for broiler chick feed?

130:1
140:1
150:1
160:1

42. Which of the following is associated with a wider calorie-protein ratio?

Lower fat deposition
Higher protein deposition
Higher fat deposition
Lean meat production

43. What is the primary purpose of using the calorie-protein ratio in poultry nutrition?

To increase feed intake
To reduce water consumption
To ensure optimal growth and production
To decrease feed costs

44. The calorie-protein ratio for broiler finisher feed is typically:

140:1
150:1
160:1
170:1

45. A narrower calorie-protein ratio is associated with:

Higher fat deposition
Lower fat and higher protein deposition
Increased egg production
Reduced growth rate

46. What does the nutritive ratio evaluate?

The balance between vitamins and minerals
The proportion of water to dry matter
The balance between protein and non-protein nutrients
The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids

47. How is the nutritive ratio calculated?

Digestible protein divided by digestible carbohydrates
Digestible fats divided by digestible protein
Sum of digestible carbohydrates and fats divided by digestible protein
Total nutrients divided by crude protein

48. A narrow nutritive ratio is most suitable for:

Maintenance diets
Growing and lactating animals
Older, non-productive animals
Animals in hibernation

49. Which stage of broiler production typically uses a wider calorie-protein ratio?

Starter phase
Grower phase
Finisher phase
Pre-starter phase

50. The calorie-protein ratio is important in feed formulation because it helps:

Reduce feed costs
Increase palatability
Ensure balanced rations meeting specific energy and protein needs
Improve digestibility of all nutrients

51. Which of the following best describes the concept of energy partitioning in livestock?

The division of energy between different organs
The allocation of energy for different physiological processes
The distribution of energy across different feed ingredients
The utilization of energy for maintenance, growth, and production functions

52. In the context of energy metabolism, what does the term “heat increment” refer to?

The increase in body temperature during digestion
The energy lost as heat during physical activity
The heat produced as a result of feed digestion and metabolism
The heat generated during protein synthesis

53. Which calorimetry method measures heat production indirectly by quantifying gas exchange?

Direct calorimetry
Indirect calorimetry
Bomb calorimetry
Adiabatic calorimetry

54. What is the primary unit used to express energy in animal nutrition?

Joule
Calorie
Kilocalorie
Megajoule

55. In the California Net Energy System, what does NEm represent?

Net energy for milk production
Net energy for maintenance
Net energy for growth
Net energy for metabolism

56. Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), and fecal energy (FE)?

GE = DE + FE
DE = GE + FE
FE = GE + DE
DE = GE – FE

57. What is the primary advantage of using net energy systems over metabolizable energy systems in ruminant nutrition?

Simplicity in calculation
Better accounting for heat increment differences between feeds
More accurate prediction of milk production
Easier application in field conditions

58. Which of the following factors does NOT directly influence the efficiency of energy utilization in livestock?

Environmental temperature
Physical activity
Coat color
Physiological state

59. In the equation ME = RE + HE, what does HE represent?

Hypothetical energy
Heat energy
Hormonal energy
Homeostatic energy

60. Which of the following best describes the concept of “effective energy” as proposed by Emmans (1994)?

The total energy content of a feed
The energy available for production after maintenance
An energy scale applicable across species considering heat increments
The energy required for protein synthesis

61. What is the primary purpose of using the comparative slaughter technique in energy metabolism studies?

To determine feed intake accurately
To measure heat production directly
To estimate energy retention in the body
To calculate metabolizable energy of feeds

62. Which of the following is NOT a component of the heat increment of feeding?

Heat of fermentation
Heat of excretion
Heat of digestion
Heat of nutrient metabolism

63. In the context of protein evaluation, what does the term “biological value” (BV) represent?

The total protein content of a feed
The digestibility of protein in the small intestine
The proportion of absorbed nitrogen retained in the body
The amino acid profile of the protein

64. Which of the following methods is used to determine the metabolizable energy (ME) content of feeds for poultry?

In vitro gas production technique
Total collection method with correction for nitrogen retention
Nylon bag technique
Near-infrared spectroscopy

65. What is the primary limitation of using the total digestible nutrients (TDN) system for energy evaluation in ruminants?

It underestimates the energy value of all feeds
It doesn’t account for protein quality
It overestimates the energy value of fibrous feeds relative to concentrates
It doesn’t consider the energy lost as methane

66. In the equation for effective energy (EE) proposed by Emmans, what does the term DCP represent?

Digestible crude protein
Digested crude protein
Daily crude protein
Dietary crude protein

67. Which of the following best describes the concept of “nutrient:calorie ratio” in diet formulation?

The ratio of protein to carbohydrates in the diet
The proportion of energy derived from different nutrients
The adjustment of nutrient levels relative to dietary energy concentration
The balance between macronutrients and micronutrients

68. What is the primary reason for adjusting nutrient:calorie ratios when increasing dietary energy density?

To improve palatability
To reduce feed costs
To maintain adequate nutrient intake as feed intake decreases
To increase water consumption

69. Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of net energy for lactation (NEL) according to the NRC (2001) model?

NEL = ME – Heat Production
NEL = GE – (FE + UE + GPE)
NEL = ME – (Heat Increment + Maintenance Energy)
NEL = DE – (UE + GPE)

70. What is the primary advantage of using in vitro techniques for feed evaluation compared to in vivo methods?

Higher accuracy
Lower cost and time requirements
Better representation of animal variability
Ability to measure methane production

71. Which of the following best describes the concept of “residual feed intake” (RFI) in the context of energy efficiency?

The energy intake above maintenance requirements
The difference between actual and predicted feed intake
The variation in feed intake unrelated to body weight and production
The feed intake required for zero energy balance

72. In the context of protein evaluation, what does the term “ileal digestibility” refer to?

The digestion of protein in the rumen
The digestion of protein up to the end of the small intestine
The total tract digestibility of protein
The absorption of amino acids in the large intestine

73. Which of the following methods is most appropriate for measuring the net energy content of feeds for growing cattle?

Respiration calorimetry
Comparative slaughter technique
In vitro gas production
Digestibility trials

74. What is the primary limitation of using crude protein (CP) as a measure of protein quality in feed evaluation?

It overestimates protein content
It doesn’t account for non-protein nitrogen
It doesn’t provide information on amino acid composition or digestibility
It is difficult to measure accurately

75. Which of the following best describes the concept of “ideal protein” in animal nutrition?

A protein with 100% digestibility
The protein with the highest biological value
A protein with an amino acid profile that exactly matches the animal’s requirements
A protein that maximizes nitrogen retention

76. What is the primary purpose of using the nylon bag technique in ruminant nutrition studies?

To measure total tract digestibility
To determine protein solubility
To estimate ruminal degradability of feeds
To measure microbial protein synthesis

77. Which of the following factors does NOT directly influence the maintenance energy requirements of livestock?

Body weight
Environmental temperature
Physical activity
Dietary protein content

78. In the context of energy systems, what does the term “km” represent?

Kilogram of metabolizable energy
Kinetic metabolism
Efficiency of ME use for maintenance
Constant for methane production

79. Which of the following best describes the concept of “net protein utilization” (NPU)?

The efficiency of protein digestion
The rate of protein synthesis in muscle tissue
The proportion of nitrogen intake that is retained in the body
The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids in a protein

80. What is the primary advantage of using the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) for protein evaluation?

It considers only essential amino acids
It accounts for both protein digestibility and amino acid composition
It is easier to measure than other methods
It provides information on ruminal protein degradability

81. Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of heat production (HP) using the carbon-nitrogen balance technique?

HP = ME intake – Energy retained in products
HP = Energy intake – (Energy in feces + urine + methane)
HP = C oxidized × 39.55 kJ/g + N excreted × 31.2 kJ/g
HP = Fasting heat production + Heat increment of feeding

82. What is the primary purpose of using the “respiratory quotient” (RQ) in energy metabolism studies?

To measure oxygen consumption
To estimate methane production
To indicate the type of substrate being oxidized
To calculate total heat production

83. Which of the following best describes the concept of “net energy for gain” (NEg) in beef cattle nutrition?

The energy required for maintenance of body weight
The total energy retained in the body
The efficiency of ME use for body weight gain above maintenance
The energy content of weight gain

84. In the context of protein evaluation, what does the term “endogenous losses” refer to?

Protein lost during feed processing
Nitrogen excreted in urine
Protein secretions from the animal’s body into the digestive tract
Amino acids lost during absorption

85. Which of the following methods is most appropriate for determining the energy value of feeds for lactating dairy cows?

Comparative slaughter technique
Respiration calorimetry with lactation trials
In vitro gas production
Nylon bag technique

86. What is the primary limitation of using the “physiological fuel values” (Atwater factors) for energy evaluation in ruminants?

They overestimate the energy value of all feeds
They don’t account for differences in digestibility
They don’t consider the heat increment differences between feeds
They are difficult to measure accurately

87. Which of the following best describes the concept of “metabolic body weight” in energy metabolism studies?

The actual body weight of the animal
The weight of metabolically active tissues
Body weight raised to the power of 0.75
The ideal body weight for a given species

88. In the equation ME = GE – (FE + UE + GPE), what does GPE represent?

Gross protein energy
Gastric potential energy
Gaseous products of digestion energy
Growth and production energy

89. What is the primary advantage of using the “Lucas principle” in feed evaluation?

It provides information on amino acid digestibility
It measures energy retention directly
It allows estimation of the true digestibility of a nutrient
It accounts for associative effects between feeds

90. Which of the following factors has the greatest impact on the efficiency of ME use for lactation (kl) in dairy cows?

Body condition score
Dietary ME concentration
Milk protein content
Environmental temperature

91. In the context of protein evaluation, what does the term “apparent digestibility” represent?

The true digestibility of protein
The difference between ingested and excreted nitrogen relative to intake
The absorption of amino acids in the small intestine
The efficiency of protein utilization for growth

92. Which of the following best describes the concept of “heat production” in energy metabolism studies?

The total energy intake of the animal
The energy lost as heat during physical activity
The sum of maintenance energy and heat increment of feeding
The energy required for thermoregulation

93. What is the primary purpose of using the “carbon dioxide entry rate technique” in energy metabolism studies?

To measure methane production
To determine feed intake
To estimate energy expenditure in free-ranging animals
To calculate the efficiency of ME use

94. Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of retained energy (RE) in growing animals?

RE = GE intake – (FE + UE + GPE + HP)
RE = ME intake – Maintenance energy
RE = Energy in gain – Energy in initial body
RE = NEm + NEg

95. What is the primary advantage of using the “mobile bag technique” for protein evaluation in ruminants?

It provides information on ruminal protein degradability
It measures total tract digestibility
It allows estimation of intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein
It determines the biological value of proteins

96. Which of the following best describes the concept of “partial efficiency” in energy utilization?

The overall efficiency of energy use for all functions
The efficiency of energy use for maintenance only
The efficiency of energy use for a specific function above maintenance
The proportion of gross energy that is metabolizable

97. In the context of protein evaluation, what does the term “first-limiting amino acid” refer to?

The most abundant amino acid in the protein
The amino acid with the highest digestibility
The essential amino acid that limits protein utilization relative to requirements
The amino acid that is absorbed most rapidly

98. What is the primary purpose of using the “dilution technique” in energy metabolism studies?

To measure heat production directly
To determine feed digestibility
To estimate body composition and energy retention
To calculate metabolizable energy intake

99. Which of the following factors has the greatest impact on the efficiency of ME use for growth (kg) in growing animals?

Age of the animal
Composition of gain (protein vs. fat)
Dietary protein content
Environmental temperature

100. In the context of energy systems, what does the term “kf” represent?

Kilogram of feed
Kinetic factor
Efficiency of ME use for body fat deposition
Constant for fermentation

Average score
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Karnataka Veterinary Medical Officer Course

August, 2024

Participants 11

Unit 3 Animal Nutrition Quiz

ajmi bin azeez August 20, 2024

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