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Pharmacology by Amit Sir
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Pharmacology
Unit 110 Topics|10 Quizzes -
Unit 28 Topics
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Unit 35 Topics
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Unit 43 Topics
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Unit 59 Topics
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Unit 65 Topics
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Unit 712 Topics
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Muscarinic Receptor
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Nicotininc Receptor
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Actions Of Acetyl Choline
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Autonomic Innervation Of Eye And Effect Of Sympathetic And Parasympathetic Stimulation
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Classification Of Parasympathetic Drug
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Anticholinergic DrugsParasympatholytic Drug
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Adrenergic Transmission
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Uptake Of Catecholamines
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Adrenergic Neurohumoral Transmission
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Adrenergic Receptor
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Adrenergic Drugs And Classification
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Pharmacological Effect Of Adrenergic Drugs
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Muscarinic Receptor
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Unit 88 Topics
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Unit 911 Topics
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Unit 107 Topics
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Unit 1112 Topics
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Drugs Acting On Digestive System
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Antacids
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Prokinetics
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Laxatives And Purgatives
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Antidiarroheals
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Emetics Anti-emetics
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Carminatives And Drugs Acting On Ruminant Stomach
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Antitussive
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Expectorants
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Bronchodilators And Anti Inflammatory
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Respiratory Stimulants (Analeptics )
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MucolyticsMucokinetics And Decongestants
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Drugs Acting On Digestive System
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Unit 1211 Topics
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ToxicologyUnit 17 Topics
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Unit 29 Topics
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Unit 311 Topics
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Unit 42 Topics
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ChemotherapyUnit 110 Topics
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Unit 24 Topics
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Unit 310 Topics
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Unit 46 Topics
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Unit 53 Topics
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History of Pharmacology
Pharmacology has a rich history, originating from early civilizations where herbal and animal-based remedies were used to treat diseases. Over centuries, the field evolved into a scientific discipline.
🔹 Ancient Civilizations and Contributions
| Civilization | Time Period | Contribution |
| India | ~3000 BC | – Oldest known writings on medicinal agents – Foundation of Ayurveda |
| China | ~2700 BC | – Compilation of herbal remedies in Pen Tsao, by Emperor Shen Nung |
| Egypt | ~2000 BC | – Kahun Papyrus: Veterinary medicine & uterine disorders – Ebers Papyrus (~1500 BC): 829 prescriptions including castor oil, pomegranate bark, and opium |
🔹 Ayurveda – The Indian System of Medicine
- Ayurveda: Oldest structured medical system using herbs and animal products.
- Bhagvan Dhanvantari: Considered the Lord of Ayurveda.
- Pioneers:
- Charaka – Focused on internal medicine.
- Sushruta – Known for surgical techniques.
- Vaghbata – Combined principles from earlier Ayurvedic texts.
- Nakula (Pandava) – Applied veterinary principles and animal husbandry.
🔹 Greek and Roman Contributions
- Hippocrates (460–375 BC):
- Known as the Father of Medicine
- Introduced the concept of disease as a natural process.
- Theophrastus (380–287 BC):
- Systematically classified medicinal plants.
- Called the Father of Pharmacognosy.
- Dioscorides:
- A surgeon in Nero’s army.
- Authored the first Materia Medica in 6 volumes describing ~600 plants.
🔹 Medieval to Early Modern Era
- Valerius Cordus (1514–1544):
- A German physician.
- Compiled the first pharmacopoeia (published posthumously).
🔹 Modern Foundations of Pharmacology
| Scientist | Lifespan | Contribution |
| Oswald Schmiedeberg | 1838–1921 | – Regarded as the Father of Pharmacology – Established pharmacology as an independent discipline |
| John Jacob Abel | 1858–1938 | – Known as the Father of Pharmacology in the U.S.A. – Founded the first pharmacology department in the USA |
| Sir James Black | 1924–2010 | – Father of Modern Pharmacology – Developed Beta-blockers and H2-receptor antagonists |
| Col. Sir Ram Nath Chopra | 1882–1973 | – Considered the Father of Indian Pharmacology – Established the foundation of experimental pharmacology in India |
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