Physics Class 12th

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UNIT I: Electrostatics

Electric charges and their conservation 3 Topics Sample Lesson

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Coulomb’s law-force between two point charges

Forces Between Multiple Charges

superposition principle and continuous charge distribution

Electric Field 5 Topics Sample Lesson

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Electric Field Due to a Point Charge

Electric Field Line

Electric Dipole

Electric Field Due to a Dipole

Torque on a Dipole in a Uniform Electric Field

Electric Flux 2 Topics

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Statement of Gauss’s Theorem and its Applications to Find Field Due to Infinitely Long Straight Wire

Uniformly Charged Infinite Plane Sheet and Uniformly Charged thin Spherical Shell (Field Inside and Outside)

Electric potential 5 Topics

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Potential Difference

Electric Potential Due to a Point Charge

A Dipole and System of Charges

Equipotential Surfaces

Electrical Potential Energy of a System of Two Point Charges and of Electric Diploes in an Electrostatic Field

Conductors and Insulators 7 Topics

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Free Charges and Bound Charges Inside a Conductor

Dielectrics and Electric Polarization

Capacitors and Capacitance

Combination of Capacitors in Series and in Parallel

Capacitance of a Parallel Plate Capacitor with and Without Dielectric Medium Between the Plates

Energy Stored in a Capacitor

Van De Graaff Generator

UNIT II: Current Electricity

Electric Current 8 Topics

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flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor

drift velocity and mobility

and their relation with electric current

Ohm’s law

electrical resistance

V-I characteristics (liner and non-linear)

electrical energy and power

electrical resistivity and conductivity

Carbon Resistors 3 Topics

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colour code for carbon resistors

series and parallel combinations of resistors

temperature dependence of resistance

Internal resistance of a cell 2 Topics

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potential difference and emf of a cell

combination of cells in series and in parallel

Kirchhoff’s Laws and Simple Applications 2 Topics

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Wheatstone Bridge

Metre Bridge

Potentiometer 3 Topics

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principle and applications to measure potential difference

and for comparing emf of two cells

measurement of internal resistance of a cell

UNIT III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Concept of Magnetic Field 2 Topics

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Oersted’s Experiment

Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop

Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire 3 Topics

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straight and toroidal solenoids

Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields

Cyclotron

Force on a current - carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field 3 Topics

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Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere

Torque experienced by a current loop in a magnetic field

moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter

Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment 6 Topics

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Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron

Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis

Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field

bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid

magnetic field lines

Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements

Para 1 Topic

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dia-and ferro-magnetic substances with examples

Electromagnetic and factors affecting their strengths 1 Topic

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Permanent Magnets

UNIT IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic Induction 5 Topics

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Faraday’s law

Induced emf and current

Lenz’s Law

Eddy Currents

Self and Mutual Inductance

Alternating Currents 3 Topics

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peak and rms value of alternating current/ voltage

Reactance and Impedance

LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only)

LCR series circuit 3 Topics

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Resonance

Power in AC Circuits

Wattles Current

AC generator and transformer

UNIT V: Electromagnetic Waves

Need for Displacement current

Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics 1 Topic

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Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves

Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses

UNIT VI: Optics

Reflection of light 11 Topics

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spherical mirrors

mirror formula

total internal reflection and its applications optical fibres

Refraction at Spherical Surfaces

combination of thin lenses in contact combination of a lens and a mirror

Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism

Scattering of light 1 Topic

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blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset

Optical instruments 3 Topics

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Human eye

image formation and accommodation

correction of eye defects (myopia and hypermetropia) using lenses

Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers

Wave optics 2 Topics

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Wavefront and Huygens’ principle

Reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wavefronts

Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ principle

Interference 2 Topics

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Young’s double hole experiment and expression for fringe width

coherent sources and sustained interference of light

Diffraction due to a single slit 1 Topic

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width of central maximum

Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes 4 Topics

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Polarisation

plane polarized light

Brewster’s law

uses of plane polarized light and Polaroids

UNIT VII: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

Photoelectric effect 2 Topics

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Hertz and Lenard’s observations

Einstein’s photoelectric equation- particle nature of light

Matter waves 3 Topics

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wave nature of particles

de Broglie relation

Davisson-Germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted only conclusion should be explained)

UNIT VIII: Atoms and Nuclei

Alpha 9 Topics

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particle scattering experiments

Rutherford’s model of atom

Bohr model

energy levels

hydrogen spectrum

Composition and size of nucleus

atomic masses

isotopes

isobars; isotones

Radioactivity- alpha 5 Topics

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Beta and Gamma Particles/ Rays and their Properties Decay law

Mass-Energy Relation

Mass Defect

Binding Energy per Nucleon and its Variation with Mass Number

Nuclear Fission and Fusion

UNIT IX: Electronic Devices

Energy Bands in Solids (qualitative ideas only) 14 Topics

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Conductors

Insulators and Semiconductors

Semiconductor Diode- I-V Characteristics in Forward and Reverse Bias

Diode as a Rectifier; I-V Characteristics of LED

Photodiode

Solar Cell

Zener Diode

Zener Diode as a Voltage Regulator

Junction Transistor

Transistor Action

Characteristics of a Transistor

Transistor as an Amplifier (Common Emitter Configuration) and Oscillator

Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR)

Transistor as a Switch

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