Cardiovascular Physiology

Multiple Choice Questions with Answers

1. Which component of the cardiovascular system pumps blood to the lungs?
   a) Left ventricle
   b) Right ventricle
   c) Left atrium
   d) Right atrium
   Answer: b) Right ventricle
2. What is the primary function of capillaries?
   a) Transport oxygenated blood to the heart
   b) Exchange gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues
   c) Pump blood to the lungs
   d) Regulate blood pressure
   Answer: b) Exchange gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues
3. Which circulation system delivers oxygenated blood to the body tissues?
   a) Pulmonary circulation
   b) Coronary circulation
   c) Systemic circulation
   d) Central circulation
   Answer: c) Systemic circulation
4. Who proposed the concept of blood circulation in mammals?
   a) Isaac Newton
   b) Galileo Galilei
   c) William Harvey
   d) Robert Hooke
   Answer: c) William Harvey
5. What prevents backflow of blood in veins?
   a) Thick muscular walls
   b) Valves
   c) High pressure
   d) White blood cells
   Answer: b) Valves
6. The coronary circulation primarily supplies blood to which organ?
   a) Lungs
   b) Brain
   c) Liver
   d) Heart
   Answer: d) Heart
7. Where is blood pressure the highest in the cardiovascular system?
   a) Capillaries
   b) Veins
   c) Arteries
   d) Heart atria
   Answer: c) Arteries
8. What are the primary blood vessels involved in nutrient and gas exchange?
   a) Arteries
   b) Veins
   c) Capillaries
   d) Coronary arteries
   Answer: c) Capillaries
9. What is the role of pulmonary circulation?
   a) Deliver nutrients to the tissues
   b) Remove carbon dioxide from tissues
   c) Facilitate gas exchange in the lungs
   d) Supply blood to the heart
   Answer: c) Facilitate gas exchange in the lungs
10. Which structure of the cardiovascular system handles the highest pressure of blood flow?
    a) Veins
    b) Arteries
    c) Capillaries
    d) Left atrium
    Answer: b) Arteries

Fill in the Blanks

1. The ________ ventricle pumps blood to the lungs for gas exchange.
   Answer: Right
2. The systemic circulation delivers oxygenated blood to the ________.
   Answer: Tissues
3. Capillaries have ________ walls to facilitate efficient exchange of gases and nutrients.
   Answer: Single-layer
4. Blood pressure is highest in the ________.
   Answer: Arteries
5. William Harvey described the concept of ________ in mammals.
   Answer: Blood circulation

True or False

1. The left side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
   Answer: False
2. Veins contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
   Answer: True
3. Pulmonary circulation refers to the blood supply to the heart muscle.
   Answer: False
4. Capillaries are the primary site of nutrient and gas exchange in the cardiovascular system.
   Answer: True
5. The coronary circulation supplies blood to the lungs.
   Answer: False

Subjective Questions with Answers

1. Explain the differences between systemic and pulmonary circulation.
   Answer:
   • Systemic Circulation:
     • Delivers oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to body tissues.
     • Returns deoxygenated blood from tissues to the right side of the heart.
   • Pulmonary Circulation:
     • Transports deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
     • Brings oxygenated blood back to the left side of the heart.
2. What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?
   Answer:
   • Transport: Distributes hormones, water, electrolytes, and nutrients to tissues and removes metabolic wastes.
   • Regulation: Maintains homeostasis by regulating temperature, pH, and fluid balance.
   • Protection: Circulates white blood cells, antibodies, and clotting factors to defend against infections and prevent blood loss.