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Functional morphology of respiratory apparatus. Mechanics of breathing
vaibhavpatel1028@gmail.com September 11, 2024
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
- What is the primary function of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?
- A) Gas exchange
- B) Filtration, warming, and humidifying air
- C) Sound production
- D) Storage of air
Answer: B) Filtration, warming, and humidifying air
- Which structure connects the pharynx to the trachea?
- A) Larynx
- B) Bronchi
- C) Alveoli
- D) Esophagus
Answer: A) Larynx
- What is the function of the diaphragm in breathing?
- A) To filter air
- B) To produce sound
- C) To contract and increase thoracic volume during inhalation
- D) To store air
Answer: C) To contract and increase thoracic volume during inhalation
- Which part of the respiratory system is primarily responsible for gas exchange?
- A) Trachea
- B) Bronchi
- C) Alveoli
- D) Larynx
Answer: C) Alveoli
- What type of respiration occurs between blood and tissues?
- A) External respiration
- B) Internal respiration
- C) Cellular respiration
- D) Pulmonary respiration
Answer: B) Internal respiration
- Which muscles assist in expanding and contracting the rib cage during breathing?
- A) Abdominal muscles
- B) Intercostal muscles
- C) Pectoral muscles
- D) Deltoid muscles
Answer: B) Intercostal muscles
- What is the role of chemoreceptors in the respiratory system?
- A) To regulate airflow
- B) To monitor CO2 and O2 levels in the blood
- C) To produce mucus
- D) To filter air
Answer: B) To monitor CO2 and O2 levels in the blood
- Which respiratory volume represents the amount of air remaining in the lungs after exhalation?
- A) Tidal volume
- B) Vital capacity
- C) Residual volume
- D) Inspiratory reserve volume
Answer: C) Residual volume
- What is the primary mechanism of breathing during normal inhalation?
- A) Positive pressure
- B) Negative pressure
- C) Passive diffusion
- D) Active transport
Answer: B) Negative pressure
- Which of the following adaptations is unique to birds in their respiratory system?
- A) Presence of alveoli
- B) Unidirectional airflow through air sacs
- C) Use of a diaphragm
- D) Presence of a larynx
Answer: B) Unidirectional airflow through air sacs
True/False Questions
- The trachea is supported by cartilaginous rings.
Answer: True - The primary function of the larynx is gas exchange.
Answer: False - The diaphragm contracts during exhalation.
Answer: False - Alveoli are the primary site for gas exchange in the lungs.
Answer: True - Internal respiration refers to gas exchange between the alveoli and blood.
Answer: False - Intercostal muscles assist the diaphragm during breathing.
Answer: True - Chemoreceptors in the brain monitor blood pressure.
Answer: False - Tidal volume is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation.
Answer: False - Birds have a bidirectional airflow in their respiratory system.
Answer: False - The nasal cavity helps in humidifying the air before it reaches the lungs.
Answer: True
Fill in the Blanks
- The primary site for gas exchange in the lungs is the __________.
Answer: alveoli - The __________ is a muscular structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Answer: diaphragm - The __________ connects the nasal cavity to the larynx.
Answer: pharynx - The __________ are small airways that lead to the alveoli.
Answer: bronchioles - __________ respiration refers to the exchange of gases between blood and tissues.
Answer: Internal - The __________ monitors levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood.
Answer: chemoreceptors - The amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath is called __________ volume.
Answer: tidal - The __________ is the main airway that conducts air to the lungs.
Answer: trachea - Birds have __________ airflow through their respiratory system, allowing for efficient gas exchange.
Answer: unidirectional - The __________ muscles assist in expanding and contracting the rib cage during breathing.
Answer: intercostal