Growth in meat producing animals, Recombinant gene transfer technologies for growth manipulation.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Growth in meat-producing animals refers to:
   a) Increase in body fat
   b) Increase in body mass and size
   c) Increase in bone density
   d) Increase in body mass and sizeAnswer: b) Increase in body mass and size
2. The growth curve of animals typically follows which pattern?
   a) Linear
   b) Exponential only
   c) Sigmoid
   d) CircularAnswer: c) Sigmoid
3. The three phases of the growth curve include all except:
   a) Lag Phase
   b) Exponential Phase
   c) Plateau Phase
   d) Decline PhaseAnswer: d) Decline Phase
4. Recombinant gene transfer technologies are used to:
   a) Decrease growth rates
   b) Enhance desired traits such as growth rates
   c) Improve feed quality
   d) Reduce animal sizeAnswer: b) Enhance desired traits such as growth rates
5. Which of the following is a method of gene transfer?
   a) Cloning
   b) Gene Editing (e.g., CRISPR-Cas9)
   c) Crossbreeding
   d) Selective breedingAnswer: b) Gene Editing (e.g., CRISPR-Cas9)
6. An advantage of recombinant gene transfer technologies is:
   a) Increased feed costs
   b) Improved disease resistance
   c) Decreased growth efficiency
   d) Increased environmental impactAnswer: b) Improved disease resistance
7. A limitation of genetic modification includes:
   a) Increased animal welfare
   b) Ethical concerns
   c) Enhanced nutrient absorption
   d) Faster growth ratesAnswer: b) Ethical concerns
8. Protein deposition is defined as:
   a) Breakdown of muscle tissue
   b) Synthesis of proteins from amino acids
   c) Conversion of carbohydrates to protein
   d) Storage of fats in muscleAnswer: b) Synthesis of proteins from amino acids
9. Hormones that influence protein deposition include:
   a) Insulin and glucagon
   b) Cortisol and adrenaline
   c) Insulin, growth hormone, and testosterone
   d) Estrogen and progesteroneAnswer: c) Insulin, growth hormone, and testosterone
10. Positive protein deposition occurs when:
    a) Synthesis equals degradation
    b) Degradation exceeds synthesis
    c) Synthesis exceeds degradation
    d) There is no protein intakeAnswer: c) Synthesis exceeds degradation

True or False Questions

1. Growth curves typically show a linear pattern throughout an animal’s life.Answer: False
2. Recombinant gene transfer technologies can enhance feed efficiency.Answer: True
3. The plateau phase of the growth curve indicates rapid growth.Answer: False
4. Ethical concerns are not a limitation of genetic modification.Answer: False
5. Protein deposition involves the breakdown of muscle tissue.Answer: False
6. Hormonal regulation plays a critical role in protein synthesis.Answer: True
7. Gene editing techniques can precisely modify existing genes.Answer: True
8. The lag phase is characterized by rapid growth.Answer: False
9. Recombinant gene transfer can potentially reduce environmental impact.Answer: True
10. Adequate protein intake is essential for optimal protein deposition.Answer: True

Fill in the Blanks

1. Growth in meat-producing animals refers to an increase in body mass and __________.Answer: size
2. The typical growth curve follows a __________ pattern.Answer: sigmoid
3. The three phases of the growth curve are lag, exponential, and __________.Answer: plateau
4. Recombinant gene transfer technologies are used to enhance desired traits such as __________.Answer: growth rates
5. One method of gene transfer is __________ editing.Answer: gene
6. An advantage of recombinant gene transfer technologies is improved __________ resistance.Answer: disease
7. A limitation of genetic modification includes ethical __________.Answer: concerns
8. Protein deposition is the synthesis of proteins from __________ acids.Answer: amino
9. Hormones such as insulin and __________ hormone influence protein deposition.Answer: growth
10. Positive protein deposition occurs when synthesis exceeds __________.Answer: degradation