Study of development of organs of digestive system

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. What embryonic layer gives rise to the digestive system?
   • A) Ectoderm
   • B) Mesoderm
   • C) Endoderm
   • D) Trophoblast
     Answer: C) Endoderm
2. Which part of the digestive system is developed from the foregut?
   • A) Small intestine
   • B) Rectum
   • C) Stomach
   • D) Ascending colon
     Answer: C) Stomach
3. The midgut extends from the duodenum to which part of the colon?
   • A) Descending colon
   • B) Sigmoid colon
   • C) Proximal two-thirds of transverse colon
   • D) Rectum
     Answer: C) Proximal two-thirds of transverse colon
4. Which accessory structure is primarily involved in mechanical processing of food?
   • A) Liver
   • B) Teeth
   • C) Salivary glands
   • D) Pancreas
     Answer: B) Teeth
5. What is the primary function of salivary glands?
   • A) Nutrient absorption
   • B) Secretion of bile
   • C) Moistening and lubricating food
   • D) Hormone production
     Answer: C) Moistening and lubricating food
6. Which gland produces serous secretions rich in amylase?
   • A) Submandibular gland
   • B) Sublingual gland
   • C) Parotid gland
   • D) Liver
     Answer: C) Parotid gland
7. The liver is responsible for producing which substance for fat emulsification?
   • A) Insulin
   • B) Amylase
   • C) Bile salts
   • D) Lipase
     Answer: C) Bile salts
8. What type of blood supply does the hindgut receive?
   • A) Celiac artery
   • B) Superior mesenteric artery
   • C) Inferior mesenteric artery
   • D) Renal artery
     Answer: C) Inferior mesenteric artery
9. Which organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
   • A) Liver
   • B) Pancreas
   • C) Gallbladder
   • D) Stomach
     Answer: B) Pancreas
10. The primitive gut tube forms from which embryonic process?
    • A) Neurulation
    • B) Gastrulation
    • C) Organogenesis
    • D) Cleavage
      Answer: B) Gastrulation

True/False Statements

1. The digestive system develops entirely from the mesoderm.
   Answer: False (It develops from the endoderm.)
2. The tongue is primarily involved in mechanical processing and sensory analysis.
   Answer: True
3. The pancreas only has exocrine functions related to digestion.
   Answer: False (It has both endocrine and exocrine functions.)
4. Salivary glands produce enzymes that initiate digestion in the mouth.
   Answer: True
5. The foregut includes structures like the small intestine and cecum.
   Answer: False (It includes the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.)
6. Teeth are classified as accessory structures of the digestive system.
   Answer: True
7. The liver is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the body.
   Answer: True
8. The midgut is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery.
   Answer: False (It is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery.)
9. The allantois plays a significant role in nutrient absorption during development.
   Answer: False (It is involved in waste storage and gas exchange.)
10. The rectum develops from the hindgut region of the primitive gut tube.
    Answer: True

Fill in the Blanks

1. The digestive system originates from the __________ during embryonic development.
   Answer: endoderm
2. The __________ extends from the oral cavity to the duodenum.
   Answer: foregut
3. The __________ is responsible for producing bile salts.
   Answer: liver
4. The __________ plays a key role in mechanical breakdown of food.
   Answer: teeth
5. The __________ glands secrete enzymes that initiate digestion in the mouth.
   Answer: salivary
6. The __________ supplies blood to the small intestine and proximal colon.
   Answer: superior mesenteric artery
7. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the __________.
   Answer: small intestine
8. The __________ is a membranous sac that provides nutrients to embryos before placental circulation.
   Answer: yolk sac
9. The __________ layer gives rise to muscles and bones during development.
   Answer: mesoderm

The __________ extends from the distal one-third of transverse colon to cloacal membrane.
Answer: hindgut