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Study of pleura and mediastinum. Areas of auscultation and percussion of heart and lungs.
vaibhavpatel1028@gmail.com September 21, 2024
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)
- What is the primary function of the pleura?
- A) Gas exchange
- B) Reducing friction during respiration
- C) Nutrient absorption
- D) Immune response
Answer: B) Reducing friction during respiration
- Which layer of the pleura covers the surface of the lungs?
- A) Parietal pleura
- B) Visceral pleura
- C) Mediastinal pleura
- D) Costal pleura
Answer: B) Visceral pleura
- What is contained within the cranial mediastinum?
- A) Heart and major vessels
- B) Trachea and oesophagus
- C) Lungs and diaphragm
- D) Thoracic duct
Answer: B) Trachea and oesophagus
- Where is the aortic area for cardiac auscultation located?
- A) Left second intercostal space
- B) Right second intercostal space
- C) Left sternal border
- D) Fifth intercostal space
Answer: B) Right second intercostal space
- What is the purpose of paracentesis thoracis?
- A) To perform surgery on the heart
- B) To remove fluid or air from the pleural space
- C) To assess lung function
- D) To administer medication directly into the lungs
Answer: B) To remove fluid or air from the pleural space
- Which structure is found in the middle mediastinum?
- A) Thymus
- B) Lungs
- C) Heart
- D) Oesophagus
Answer: C) Heart
- Which area is typically used for lung auscultation?
- A) Right sternal border
- B) Cranial mediastinum
- C) Costal area
- D) Systematic grid pattern
Answer: D) Systematic grid pattern
- What does percussion help assess in a veterinary examination?
- A) Heart rate
- B) Lung density and fluid presence
- C) Blood pressure
- D) Oxygen saturation
Answer: B) Lung density and fluid presence
- The parietal pleura lines which structure?
- A) Lungs
- B) Thoracic wall and diaphragm
- C) Heart sac
- D) Mediastinum
Answer: B) Thoracic wall and diaphragm
- What can a mediastinal mass indicate?
- A) Healthy lung function
- B) Infection or malignancy
- C) Normal heart rhythm
- D) Increased lung capacity
Answer: B) Infection or malignancy
True/False Statements
- The visceral pleura covers the thoracic wall.
Answer: False - The mediastinum separates the left and right pleural cavities.
Answer: True - Cardiac auscultation is performed over specific areas on the thoracic wall.
Answer: True - Percussion is routinely performed in small animals to assess lung density.
Answer: False - Paracentesis thoracis is used to remove fluid or air from the abdominal cavity.
Answer: False - The cranial mediastinum contains major blood vessels and lymph nodes.
Answer: True - The costal pleura reflects to form the mediastinal pleura at the mediastinum.
Answer: True - The parietal pleura reduces friction between lung surfaces during respiration.
Answer: False - The site for paracentesis thoracis is typically in the seventh to eighth intercostal space on the right side.
Answer: True - The heart is located in the caudal mediastinum.
Answer: False
Fill in the Blanks
- The _______ is a serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity and covering the lungs.
Answer: pleura - The _______ pleura covers the surface of the lungs.
Answer: visceral - The _______ mediastinum contains structures such as the trachea and oesophagus.
Answer: cranial - The _______ area for cardiac auscultation is located at the right second intercostal space.
Answer: aortic - Paracentesis thoracis is performed to remove _______ or air from the pleural space.
Answer: fluid - The _______ mediastinum houses the heart.
Answer: middle - Lung auscultation is performed using a _______ pattern to assess lung sounds.
Answer: systematic grid - Percussion helps assess lung density and _______ presence.
Answer: fluid - The parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall and _______.
Answer: diaphragm - A mediastinal mass can indicate infection or _______.
Answer: malignancy