Thermo-regulation in farm animals, Climatology, Acclimation, acclimatization general adaptive syndrome

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Heat balance in animals refers to:
   a) The amount of food consumed
   b) The equilibrium between heat production and heat loss
   c) The body weight of the animal
   d) The metabolic rateAnswer: b) The equilibrium between heat production and heat loss
2. Hypothermia occurs when body temperature:
   a) Rises above normal
   b) Drops below normal
   c) Remains constant
   d) Increases rapidlyAnswer: b) Drops below normal
3. Which mechanism is NOT a method of heat loss?
   a) Conduction
   b) Convection
   c) Absorption
   d) EvaporationAnswer: c) Absorption
4. Hyperthermia is characterized by:
   a) Low body temperature
   b) Elevated body temperature
   c) Normal body temperature
   d) DehydrationAnswer: b) Elevated body temperature
5. Which of the following is a physiological response to heat stress?
   a) Increased feed intake
   b) Panting
   c) Decreased heart rate
   d) HibernationAnswer: b) Panting
6. The skin helps regulate temperature by:
   a) Increasing metabolic rate
   b) Facilitating heat exchange through blood flow
   c) Storing fat for insulation
   d) Producing hormonesAnswer: b) Facilitating heat exchange through blood flow
7. Fever is defined as:
   a) A drop in body temperature
   b) A regulated increase in body temperature
   c) A state of hypothermia
   d) A response to cold exposureAnswer: b) A regulated increase in body temperature
8. Hibernation allows animals to:
   a) Increase activity during winter
   b) Survive cold periods with limited food availability
   c) Maintain high metabolic rates
   d) Avoid reproductionAnswer: b) Survive cold periods with limited food availability
9. Acclimatization refers to:
   a) Short-term adjustments to environmental changes
   b) Long-term adaptations within populations
   c) Immediate responses to stressors
   d) Genetic mutationsAnswer: b) Long-term adaptations within populations
10. Which environmental factor can exacerbate heat stress in animals?
    a) Low humidity
    b) High humidity
    c) Low altitude
    d) Low light levelsAnswer: b) High humidity

True or False Questions

1. Heat balance is only affected by the animal’s metabolic rate.Answer: False
2. Evaporation is one of the mechanisms for heat loss.Answer: True
3. Hyperthermia can lead to decreased heart rate.Answer: False
4. Animals may seek shade as a behavioral response to heat stress.Answer: True
5. The skin does not play a role in thermoregulation.Answer: False
6. Fever enhances immune function by increasing metabolic activity.Answer: True
7. Hibernation involves significant increases in metabolic activity.Answer: False
8. Acclimation refers to long-term adaptations to environmental changes.Answer: False
9. High humidity can reduce the effectiveness of evaporative cooling.Answer: True
10. Birds use feathers for insulation and thermoregulation.Answer: True

Fill in the Blanks

1. Heat balance refers to the equilibrium between heat production and __________.Answer: heat loss
2. Hypothermia occurs when body temperature drops below __________.Answer: normal
3. Mechanisms of heat loss include conduction, convection, radiation, and __________.Answer: evaporation
4. Hyperthermia is characterized by an __________ body temperature.Answer: elevated
5. A physiological response to heat stress includes __________.Answer: panting
6. The skin facilitates heat exchange through blood vessel __________.Answer: constriction/dilation
7. Fever is defined as a regulated increase in __________.Answer: body temperature
8. Hibernation allows animals to survive cold periods with limited __________ availability.Answer: food
9. Acclimatization refers to long-term adaptations within __________.Answer: populations
10. High humidity can exacerbate __________ stress in animals.Answer: heat