Quiz 1 of 0
Transport of blood gases, Frictional resistance to air flow, airways smooth muscle contraction
vaibhavpatel1028@gmail.com September 11, 2024
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
- What percentage of oxygen is transported bound to hemoglobin in the blood?
- A) 50%
- B) 70%
- C) 98.5%
- D) 1.5%
Answer: C) 98.5%
- What is the primary mechanism for carbon dioxide transport in the blood?
- A) Dissolved in plasma
- B) Bound to hemoglobin
- C) As bicarbonate ions
- D) As carbonic acid
Answer: C) As bicarbonate ions
- Which factor decreases hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen?
- A) Increased pH
- B) Decreased temperature
- C) Increased carbon dioxide levels
- D) Decreased carbon dioxide levels
Answer: C) Increased carbon dioxide levels
- What is the main function of fetal hemoglobin (HbF)?
- A) To bind carbon dioxide
- B) To transport nutrients
- C) To have a higher affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin
- D) To regulate blood pH
Answer: C) To have a higher affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin
- What structure allows blood to bypass the lungs in fetal circulation?
- A) Ductus arteriosus
- B) Foramen ovale
- C) Umbilical vein
- D) Both A and B
Answer: D) Both A and B
- Which of the following is a characteristic of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?
- A) Linear relationship
- B) Sigmoidal shape
- C) Hyperbolic shape
- D) Exponential decay
Answer: B) Sigmoidal shape
- What happens to the partial pressure of oxygen as altitude increases?
- A) It increases
- B) It decreases
- C) It remains the same
- D) It fluctuates
Answer: B) It decreases
- What is the primary role of surfactants in the lungs?
- A) Increase surface tension
- B) Reduce surface tension
- C) Facilitate gas exchange
- D) Enhance lung recoil
Answer: B) Reduce surface tension
- What is compliance in the context of the respiratory system?
- A) The ability to resist airflow
- B) The ability of the lungs to expand
- C) The amount of air in the lungs
- D) The rate of gas exchange
Answer: B) The ability of the lungs to expand
- Which of the following is NOT a method of carbon dioxide transport?
- A) Dissolved in plasma
- B) As bicarbonate ions
- C) Bound to myoglobin
- D) Bound to hemoglobin
Answer: C) Bound to myoglobin
- What is the primary muscle responsible for inhalation?
- A) Intercostal muscles
- B) Abdominal muscles
- C) Diaphragm
- D) Pectoral muscles
Answer: C) Diaphragm
- Which part of the brain regulates the rhythm of breathing?
- A) Cerebellum
- B) Medulla oblongata
- C) Thalamus
- D) Hippocampus
Answer: B) Medulla oblongata
- What is the term for insufficient oxygen availability to tissues?
- A) Hyperoxia
- B) Hypoxia
- C) Anemia
- D) Ischemia
Answer: B) Hypoxia
- What is the effect of bronchoconstriction on airflow?
- A) Increases airflow
- B) Decreases airflow
- C) Has no effect
- D) Causes turbulence
Answer: B) Decreases airflow
- During exercise, what happens to the respiratory rate?
- A) Decreases
- B) Increases
- C) Remains the same
- D) Fluctuates
Answer: B) Increases
- What is the primary function of pleural fluid?
- A) To facilitate gas exchange
- B) To lubricate lung surfaces
- C) To transport nutrients
- D) To regulate blood pressure
Answer: B) To lubricate lung surfaces
- What is the primary factor that drives gas exchange in the lungs?
- A) Blood flow
- B) Partial pressure gradients
- C) Temperature
- D) pH levels
Answer: B) Partial pressure gradients
- What physiological change occurs at high altitudes?
- A) Increased oxygen availability
- B) Decreased carbon dioxide production
- C) Increased breathing rate
- D) Decreased heart rate
Answer: C) Increased breathing rate
- What is panting primarily used for in animals?
- A) To increase oxygen intake
- B) To cool the body through evaporative heat loss
- C) To enhance gas exchange
- D) To aid in digestion
Answer: B) To cool the body through evaporative heat loss
- What is the primary non-respiratory function of the lungs?
- A) Gas exchange
- B) Metabolism of certain substances
- C) Nutrient absorption
- D) Hormone production
Answer: B) Metabolism of certain substances
True/False Questions
- Fetal hemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin.
Answer: False - The lungs have a recoil tendency that aids in exhalation.
Answer: True - Carbon dioxide is primarily transported as dissolved gas in plasma.
Answer: False - Surfactants are produced by type I alveolar cells.
Answer: False - The medulla oblongata controls the rate of breathing.
Answer: True - Hypoxia can occur due to high altitude.
Answer: True - Compliance refers to the stiffness of the lungs.
Answer: False - Bronchodilation increases airflow in the airways.
Answer: True - The pleural cavity contains air.
Answer: False - Panting is an ineffective way to cool down in animals.
Answer: False
Fill in the Blanks
- The primary protein responsible for oxygen transport in red blood cells is __________.
Answer: hemoglobin - About __________% of carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate ions in the blood.
Answer: 70 - The __________ is the primary muscle involved in inhalation.
Answer: diaphragm - The __________ effect describes how increased carbon dioxide levels decrease hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen.
Answer: Bohr - Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than __________ hemoglobin.
Answer: adult - The __________ fluid lubricates the surfaces of the lungs and chest wall.
Answer: pleural - __________ is the condition characterized by insufficient oxygen availability to tissues.
Answer: Hypoxia - The __________ is responsible for the rhythmic control of breathing.
Answer: medulla oblongata - During exercise, the respiratory rate typically __________.
Answer: increases - __________ is the mechanism by which gas exchange occurs in the lungs and tissues.
Answer: Diffusion