Pre-breeding vaccination for heifers and cows
Importance of Pre-Breeding Vaccination
Pre-breeding vaccination is essential for heifers and cows. It prevents reproductive diseases, ensures fertility, and improves herd health. Without proper vaccination, cows face increased risks of infertility, abortions, and calf mortality.
Vaccines protect against common reproductive diseases like Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR). According to Kansas State University, these diseases cause significant economic losses in the cattle industry.
Essential Vaccines for Heifers and Cows
Core Vaccines for Reproductive Health
BVD Vaccine – Bovine Viral Diarrhea can cause stillbirths and weak calves. Vaccinate at least 30-60 days before breeding. Read more about BVD vaccines.
IBR Vaccine – Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis causes abortions. Modified live or killed vaccines are available. More details on IBR prevention.
Leptospirosis Vaccine – Lepto causes abortion storms. It spreads through urine and contaminated water sources. Find out how leptospirosis affects cattle.
Additional Vaccines for Overall Health
Vibriosis Vaccine – A bacterial infection causing infertility and early embryonic death. Given before breeding. Details from Oklahoma State University.
Brucellosis Vaccine – Protects against undulant fever. Required in some states. Check USDA guidelines.
When to Vaccinate Heifers and Cows
Vaccination Timing for Heifers
- At least 30-60 days before breeding – This allows immunity to develop before exposure.
- Booster doses – Some vaccines require follow-ups for full protection.
According to University of Nebraska-Lincoln, pre-breeding vaccines should be part of a comprehensive herd health plan.
Vaccination Schedule for Cows
- Annually before breeding season – Ensures ongoing protection.
- Pregnant cows need specific vaccines – Some live vaccines may be unsafe. More details on safe vaccines.
How to Administer Vaccines Properly
Handling and Storage
- Store vaccines at recommended temperatures.
- Avoid exposure to sunlight or extreme heat.
- Shake well before use.
Injection Sites and Techniques
- Subcutaneous (under the skin) injections are common.
- Intramuscular (into the muscle) for some vaccines.
- Follow manufacturer instructions for dosage and method.
Best Practices for a Successful Vaccination Program
Record-Keeping and Monitoring
- Track vaccination dates and booster schedules.
- Monitor cows for side effects after vaccination.
Biosecurity Measures
- Avoid introducing unvaccinated animals.
- Quarantine new additions for at least 30 days.
For a deeper dive into biosecurity, visit National Animal Health Monitoring System.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Not Vaccinating at the Right Time
Vaccinating too close to breeding may not provide immunity in time. Administer vaccines well in advance.
Using Expired or Improperly Stored Vaccines
Expired vaccines may not work effectively. Always check expiration dates and store them correctly.
Mixing Incompatible Vaccines
Some vaccines interfere with each other. Consult with a vet before administering multiple vaccines at once. Check vaccine interactions.
Conclusion
Pre-breeding vaccination is critical for herd fertility and disease prevention. By following the right schedule, handling vaccines correctly, and maintaining biosecurity, you ensure healthier cattle and better breeding success.
For more expert advice, consult American Association of Bovine Practitioners.
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