Category: Veterinary Physiology

Introduction to Urine Formation Urine is primarily composed of water and various waste products. In most mammals, including humans, urine formation occurs in the nephrons,…

Aldosterone is a vital hormone produced by the adrenal glands in animals. It plays a significant role in regulating fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and blood…

What is GFR? GFR represents the efficiency of the kidneys in filtering blood. It is crucial for maintaining homeostasis by regulating fluid, electrolyte balance, and…

What is Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)? ADH is synthesized in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland. This hormone is vital for controlling water…

Introduction to Renal Function in Animals The kidneys play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and waste excretion. Assessing…

Introduction to Acid-Base Balance Acid-base balance refers to the mechanisms that maintain the pH of body fluids within a narrow range. The normal blood pH…

Introduction to Urine Urine is primarily composed of water and various dissolved substances. It acts as a medium for eliminating waste products generated from metabolic…

What is Passive Venous Congestion? Passive venous congestion occurs when blood flow out of an organ is obstructed. This obstruction leads to increased pressure in…

Chronic nephritis is a significant health issue in dogs, leading to various complications, including renal acidosis and secondary hyperparathyroidism. This article explores these interrelated conditions,…

Introduction to Avian Excretion Chickens belong to a group known as birds, which have evolved distinct methods for excreting waste. The primary waste product for…